LP1___________Existing filament Lamp: any type in the range 3-24V 10W max.
SW1___________Existing On-Off switch
B1____________Existing V DC source: any type in the range 3-24V suited to the lamp adopted
This circuit was designed to provide that continuous light lamps already wired into a circuit, become flashing. Simply insert the circuit between existing lamp and negative supply. Especially suited for car or panel pilot lights, this device can drive lamps up to 10W. Notes: Break lamp(s) to negative supply connection(s), then insert the circuit between existing lamp(s) connection(s) and negative supply (respecting polarities!). C1 value can be varied from 100 to 1000µF or higher, in order to change flashing frequency. Although rather oversized, this circuit can also drive any LED, providing a suitable resistor is fitted in series with the light emitting device. The resistor should lie in the 47R to 2K2 range, depending on supply voltage.
The lamp is intended for lighting of streets, roads, squares, warehouses and manufactures. Power consumption– 220 V-40W. It is substitution for mercury lamps Philips HPL-N. It is irreplaceable in places, where energy saving and high reliability is needed. This lamp does not have stroboscopic effect, light power is not changed over the voltage range. Time of delay is 1 sec.
USS-36 is made on the base of LEDs of Japanese company NICHIA, with built-in microprocessor-based power-supply. The housing of this streetlight lamp is made on aluminum, window is made on optical polycarbonate. The searchlight is fixed to any legs with tube diameter till 55 meters.
All above-mentioned characteristics allows to get the highest reliability of streetlight LED lamp USS-36
Height(m)|lightness/m per axle, LUX| light square m 1________________ 660 ________________10
2________________165__________________ 40
4________________41.3__________________ 150
6________________18.3__________________ 340
8________________10.3__________________ 610
10________________6.6__________________ 945
12________________4.6_________________ 1360
Time operation LEDs lamp,in years 23* Light flux, Lm 2160 Angle of light emission, 2Ô 0.5 degree 120** Voltage, V 160-264 Power consumption, W 36 Emission band sunny white Guarantee period, month 24 Overall dimensions, mm 420*175*65 Weight not more, kg 5.0 Moisture protection, IP not less 67 Environment temperature from –60ºC to +40ºC
Here's an example of an office building that has been converted to 100% LED light. The new bulbs consume 48% less energy than those they replaced (mostly fluorescents lights). The workplace in question is the headquarters of Cree, a company in North Carolina that specializes solid-state LED lights. The parking lots, entryways, lobby and conference rooms at Cree’s headquarters are now lit by eco-effective XLamp LEDs. Even the high-pressure sodium parking lights and spotlights were converted to LED lights.
Cree wanted to demonstrate that LED lights are a viable option today for businesses and residences. The company claims that their lights render the same type of light that is produced by fluorescents or incandescents. It looks like the LEDs in the photo above are producing a full-spectrum light.
When LEDs replace incandescent bulbs, there is also the added advantage of reducing AC requirements in the summer.
The only method of lighting more energy efficient than LEDs is daylighting (e.g. through the use of sun tubes, for example
The lamp is intended for lighting of low traffic streets, roads, squares, warehouses and manufactures. Power consumption– 220 V-20W. It is irreplaceable in places, where energy saving and high reliability is needed. This lamp does not have stroboscopic effect, light power is not changed over the voltage range. Time of delay is 1 sec.
USS-18 is made on the base of LEDs of Japanese company NICHIA, with built-in microprocessor-based power-supply. The housing of this streetlight lamp is made on aluminum, window is made on optical polycarbonate. The searchlight is fixed to any legs with tube diameter till 55 meters. All above-mentioned characteristics allows to get the highest reliability of streetlight LED lamp USS-18
Technical characteristics Time operation LEDs lamp, years 23* Light flux, Lm 1080 Angle of light emission, 2Ô 0.5 degree 120** Voltage, V 120-264 Power consumption, W 18 Emission band sunny white Guarantee period, month 24 Overall dimensions, mm 210*175*65 Weight not more, kg 3.0 Moisture protection, IP not less 67 Environment temperature from –60ºC to +40ºC
Microbial Fuel Cells The other end of solar energy?
As the search for fuel cells goes on, many environmentalists give all their attention to solar energy, the possibilities involving photosynthesis and the microbial world. What about where there is no solar energy directly available, such as below the sea?
For more than 30 years, research has tried to develop a microbial fuel cell that digests wastes, instantly producing electricity. Just take a look at Dr. Emitt Browns Time Machine in Back to the Future with Michael J. Fox; just after he comes back from his trip 30 years into the future; he just drops a banana peel out of the garbage into the Delorians microbial fuel cell chamber, and voom… into the sky.
That is the kind of energy conversion researchers desire from microbial fuel cells, but it is still far away in the distant (evolutionary and genetic) future. At present this conversion takes about a week at its fastest rate.
The biggest challenge is getting what are being called Geobacters, to be far more aggressive in their microbial digestion in anaerobic environments such as underground and undersea waste products, which means genetic engineering on a nanite-scale of 2 to 3 microns at most.
More than 30 species of these iron breathers used in Microbial Fuel Cells are being tested and developed at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst by Dr. Derek R. Lovley (American) and Dr. Swades Chaudhuri (Indian).
Their Microbial Fuel Cells are so far removed from the direct line of Solar Energy that it actually makes one wonder about the implications on our future methods of harnessing energy.
In recent years UMASS Environmental Biotechnology Center has put in a lot of research into the Geobacter Project. The word Geobacter (geological bacteria) refers to anaerobic micro-organisms that in most cases thrive under extremely high temperatures, far above those temperatures commonly inhabited by more complex organisms.
We have found that dissimilatory metal-reducing microorganisms, such as Geobacter and Rhodoferax species, have the novel ability to directly transfer electrons to the surface of electrodes.
The word Geobacter seems more for quick thirty-second media bites rather than for scientific researchers accustomed to big language, because the concept is so easy to grasp.
When regular folks hear the word Geobacter nowadays, it indicates to their minds eye a battery that generates electricity from deep sea composting micro-organisms that just love to break down sugars, producing needed CO2 for underwater plants. It has this resilient ecological tone while it cleans up oil spills over time and can even reduce radioactivity in uranium-polluted ground water to regulation levels within a week according to Dr. Lovley in a recent interview done on Massachusetts Commonwealth Journal radio show.
The word Geobacter also gives the futurist gist of being able to deposit a sugar cube into the microbial fuel cell of a cellular phone and for those who are addicted to old reruns of Star Trek the Next Generation; it conjures up images of Wesley Crusher accidentally letting loose his artificially intelligent nanite medical-robots that end up taking over the Enterprise.
Geobacters guarantee bigger concepts for those delving in renewable energies and solar power is only the tip of the proverbial flame. Heat is energy, and Geobacters give off the kind of energy that we as a civilization need to charge and propel ever-SMALLER batteries.
That word smaller, is the important end of the renewable energy spectrum. When most people think electricity, especially solar electricity, they think outward and upward to larger scales, Geobacters at present however are going smaller and smaller into the future of nanotechnology rather than in the direction of powering the grid.
While some patents do exist on Microbial Fuel Cells for such things as large as electric lawn mowers or even maybe the size of say a Delorian; at present researchers think smaller every day devices like cell phones or even delicate military and medical technologies are going to be far more efficient with the development of Microbial Fuel Cells for the next century of sustainable energies.
Vulgarly speaking, anywhere the sun doesnt reach, Geobacters generally can. Mainly this is simply because they are natures way of breaking down organic material in anaerobic environments, originally produced either by direct solar energy, along that chain indirectly or simply never even exposed to it as in the case of the deep ocean floor where sunlight is totally absent.
Microbial fuel cells are not merely the micro aspect of renewable and solar the macro, they are naturally the composting and cleaning end of renewable while solar energy is the non-polluting and preventive end.
Hopefully this research will prove worthwhile within the next ten years for consumers. Solar Energy for off the grid living and Microbial Fuel Cells for off the grid comfort and an ever better quality of life. Two sides of one human coin.
